The ISO 19403 deals with different wettability studies of paints and varnishes. It consists of seven parts and details different measurement methods. They can be used to measure the surface energy of a solid sample, the surface and interfacial tension of liquid samples - including its polar and dispersive fractions - and dynamic contact angles.

ISO 19403: Application and Use

The ISO 19403 is a series of norms that deals with wettability studies of paints and varnishes. It consists of seven parts:

• Part 1: Vocabulary and general principles
• Part 2: Determination of the surface free energy of solid surfaces by measuring the contact angle
• Part 3: Determination of the surface tension of liquids using the pendant drop method
• Part 4: Determination of the polar and dispersive fractions of the surface tension of liquids from an interfacial tension
• Part 5: Determination of the polar and dispersive fractions of the surface tension of liquids from contact angles measurements on a solid with only a disperse contribution to its surface energy
• Part 6: Measurement of dynamic advancing and receding angle by changing the volume of a drop
• Part 7: Measurement of the dynamic contact angles and the roll-off angle on a tilt stage

ISO 19403: Experimentation

Apparatus

All measurements use a contact angle and drop contour measurement device.

The Contact Angle Meters, or Goniometers, of the OCA series from DataPhysics Instruments are able to be used to conduct the measurements described in this standard.

Procedure and Calculation

The measurement procedure differs depending on which method is used:

• surface free energy: drops of at least two different liquids are deposited on a solid surface in order to determine its surface free energy.
• surface tension of liquids: a drop of the sample liquid is dosed at the tip of a syringe. The contour of the drop is measured and the surface tension calculated from it.
• polar and dispersive fractions of the surface tension of liquids: Two different measurement methods are possible - measurement of the interfacial tension and contact angle measurements. For the first method, the interfacial tension of the liquid against a reference liquid is determined. To do so, a drop of the sample liquid is dosed at the tip of a needle. The drop is surrounded by a known reference liquid. For the second method, the contact angle of the sample liquid is measured when a drop is deposited on a solid surface with fully dispersive SFE characteristics.
• dynamic advancing and receding angle: Two measurements can be used to measure dynamic contact angles, i.e. when the drop is in motion. The first one is the needle-in-drop method. A drop is deposited at the tip of a needle onto the surface. The volume of the drop is then changed and the contact angle is measured. The second one is called the roll-off method. A drop is deposited on a surface. The surface is then tilted until the drop starts to roll off and the contact angles are measured.

The ISO 19403 is in use since 2017 and was last updated in 2022.

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